الآثار الناجمة عن حمل السلاح واستخدامه لدى الشباب السعودي

Abstract

استخدم الإنسان السلاح منذ القدم؛ للدفاع عن نفسه ضد هجمات الحيوانات المفترسة وتعديات المعتدين؛ حيث كان الأمن مسؤولية فردية، فكل فرد مسؤول عن الدفاع عن نفسه، وحماية ممتلكاته، وكانت الأسلحة في البداية قِطَعًا منحوتة يدويًّا من الحجر، أو من عظام الحيوانات، كذلك استخدم في هذه الحقبة العصيَّ التي صنعها من أغصان الأشجار وعيدانها، وتطوَّرت هذه الأسلحة منذ العصر البرونزي، مرورًا بالعصور القديمة؛ حيث اخترع الإنسان السيوف والخناجر، وذلك بعد اكتشافه الحديد. ويُعد اكتشاف البارود، في القرن الثالث عشر نقلة في تطور السلاح؛ حيث تم اختراع المدافع البارودية، التي استُخدمت في المعارك قبل البدء بالتفكير في اختراع أسلحة نارية فردية، وهي التي تُعتبر أحدث من المدافع، وأخف حملًا للفرد، وهكذا ظهرت البنادق، ثم تطوَّرت فيما بعدُ لتصبح أكثر تنوعًا (القاسمي، 1982م، ص 379). ثم أصبحت الأسلحة سهلة الحمل والاستخدام من قِبَل الغالبية في المجتمعات كلها، وعلى مر العصور، وتطلَّب ذلك وضع ضوابط وأحكام لاقتناء الأسلحة، وتراخيص لاستخدامها؛ نظرًا لخطورة استخدامها العشوائي، وحفاظًا على أمن هذه المجتمعات، وعلى أرواح الأفراد وممتلكاتهم، وما ينتج عنه من آثار سلبية، خاصةً في الجوانب الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والأمنية.

This book presents the social, security and economic impacts resulting from carrying weapons and its use by the Saudi youth. Also, it provides the distinctive characteristics of such youth, types of their weapons, and the factors motivating them to carry and use such weapons. The present research reveals some of attributes and characteristics of the Saudi youths who carry and use weapons. The highest proportion of such youth ranges between 20 and 25 years old. This proportion reaches 60.07% of the total sample of prisoners and inmates of Observation House. Their secondary education level amounts to 36% of the total sample. They receive low monthly income. The 57% of the total sample of prisoners receive monthly income less than 4,000 riyals.

The present book comprises five chapters. Details follow:

First chapter presents the research problem and its dimensions. Also, following issues are identified—the research questions; the research objectives; research significance; limits of the research; and the most important concepts and terms associated with the research.

Second chapter expounds the theoretical background. Included in the discussion, the following points are amplified—the date of using weapons; types of personal weapons; carrying weapons and their use in Islamic Sharia; controls on carrying weapons and their use in Saudi Arabia; issues of carrying weapons and their use by Saudi youth; and consequences of carrying weapons and their usage. In regard to the youth stage, the following points are amplified—their characteristics; their needs; status of the youth in Islam; and the personal factors prompting the youth to carry weapons and their usage. Scientific theories that interpret the research problem such as differential association; tradition; social alienation as described by Émile Durkheim; Anomie theory by Merton; and the needs and humanitarian motivations by Abraham Maslow represent addition. Pertinent previous studies add dimension.

Third chapter expounds the methodological procedures. Following issues are amplified—type of the research; methodology of the research; the research population; sample of the research; data collection tools; procedures of the validity and reliability; application of the field research; the statistical methods; and the variables of the research and their measurement.

Fourth chapter presents an analysis of the research data and discussion of its findings. The latter are materialized through an analysis of the questionnaire data and its discussion. In addition, an analysis of the data based on interview and its discussion is recorded.

Fifth chapter expounds the research findings and its recommendation. Following issues stand prominent—quantitative findings; qualitative findings; most important findings of the research; and the recommendations of the research.

Most important recommendations are as follow: - Field researches of the social problems and needs of the youth in Saudi Arabia should be conducted; - Thorough researches on families of the young people arrested should be undertaken. These families should be provided with their needs and the counseling. Moreover, the social problems encountering families while their sons are detained in reformatory or Observation Houses should be solved; - A strict law banning carrying weapons or any sharp instrument inside the schools or educational institutions should be enacted. An appropriate punishment for offenders should be inflicted; - The youth centers in every vicinity should be established. Such centers should include the sports and recreational clubs. The latter should attract the youth to spend their free time. There should be an increased focus on poor neighborhoods. Moreover, the phenomenon of young people gathering on streets should be eliminated; and - Strict penalties for possession of unlicensed weapons and their usage should be imposed.